Hyperactivity is the most frequent justification for drugging children. The difficult-to-control male is certainly not a new phenomenon, but attempts to give him a medical diagnosis are the product of modern psychology and psychiatry. At first psychiatrists called hyperactivity a brain disease. When no brain disease could be found, they changed it to "minimal brain disease" (MBD). When no minimal brain disease could be found, the profession transformed the concept into "minimal brain dysfunction." When no minimal brain dysfunction could be demonstrated, the label became attention deficit disorder. Now it's just assumed to be a real disease, regardless of the failure to prove it so. Biochemical imbalance is the code word, but there's no more evidence for that than there is for actual brain disease.
Peter Breggin, Toxic Psychiatry, p.278, Cited by David M. Tyler, Ph.D and Kurt P. Grady, Pharm.D, ADHD: Deceptive Diagnosis, p. 82-83
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